Kedu chickens are primarily found in Indonesia, particularly in the island of Java, where they have adapted to various environmental conditions. They are typically raised in small to medium-sized flocks in rural and semi-urban areas. The breed thrives in warm, tropical climates and is well-suited for free-range and backyard environments.

The Kedu chicken is known for its striking appearance and is often used in cultural rituals in Indonesia. It plays a significant role in the development of the Ayam Cemani breed, renowned for its black pigmentation.